Which term describes the regulatory requirement for certain specialized food processes to obtain authorization before operation?

• A. License
• B. Permit
• C. Variance
• D. Certification

Answer: (C)

Variance is the regulatory approval to perform a specific food-processing method that doesn’t meet the standard rules. It must be obtained before starting the operation, and it comes with conditions, validation, and monitoring to ensure safety. This fits specialized processes where the usual requirements don’t apply but can be approved in writing if the process is shown to be safe. It’s different from a general permit or license that authorize regular operation, and from certification, which proves competence rather than granting an exception to rules.